As an aside regarding caloric expenditure during exercise... a competitive cyclist could burn between 4,000kcal and 6,000kcal per day on a race, depending on terrain and pace.
A Competitive Cyclist Caloric Metabolic Rate and Expenditure
As offwidth noted, cyclist burn an enormous amount of calories. Some reports of Tour De France cyclist have indicated that they can still have a hard time maintaining weight with up to 10,000 calories a day.
How Many Calories Did Michael Phelps Eat During the Olympics? | Livestrong.com
"In an interview with NBC Sports, Phelps said he ate approximately
12,000 calories per day during the 2008 Summer Olympics."
Individual in demanding sports of this nature and manual labor jobs that are that intensive need more calories.
The 80/20 Rule
Statistics show the only around 20% of the population maintain some type of exercise program.
Based on the 80/20 Rule. it appears of the 20% of the population that exercises, only 20% of those 20% train enough and with the right intensity.
This. Basically you can eat everything you like if you move enough. I don't like phrases that 90% is diet etc.
90% Is Diet
It doesn't matter what you like or don't like. The fact of the matter is that the key to losing weight/fat or gaining weight is your diet.
To reiterate, that is why these phrases have endured...
"You can't out train a bad diet".
"Abs are made at the table", etc.
Twinkie diet helps nutrition professor lose 27 pounds - CNN.com
A great case study on the importance of a calorie restricted diet for weight loss is the Twinkie Diet. Mark Haub, MS, Professor of human Hutrition at Kansas State University, demonstrated to his class that a caloric deficit with a junk food diet would decrease body weight/fat.
"He shed 27 pounds in two months."
"Haub's body fat dropped from 33.4 to 24.9 percent."
"Haub's "bad" cholesterol, or LDL, dropped 20 percent and his "good" cholesterol, or HDL, increased by 20 percent. He reduced the level of triglycerides, which are a form of fat, by 39 percent."
That's a personal thing. If you don't exercise enough and lose weight mostly with diet, then end result is skinny fat.
Exercise On A Weight Loss Program
Research has demonstrated that the amount of calories burned in most exercise programs minutely helps with weight loss.
However, prime fact that drives weight/fat loss is a well written and executed calorie deficit diet. Diet is definitively 80% when it comes to losing weigh or gaining weight for that matter.
The Benefit of Exercise During A Weight Loss Program
1) Preserving Muscle Mass: Exercise essentially ensures muscle mass is maintained. In extremely obese individual, muscle mass is increased with more calories being burned from body fat; that providing you are in a calorie deficit.
2) Insulin Sensitivity: One of the underlying causes with individual who are over weight is they are Insulin RESISTANT. Their body cannot process glucose (carbohydrates) efficiently.
Their issue is magnified on a high carbohydrate diet; even more so when they consume high glycemic/high insulinogenic foods.
Exercise improve Insulin Sensitivity; allowing more glucose to be shuttling the muscles and less stored as body fat.
3) Excess Post Oxygen Consumption< EPC: High Intensity Interval Training and it sibling High Intensity Resistance Training (Example: Circuit Training) elevate you metabolic rate for hours after a training session.
Research has show while the intensity is lower for Marathon Runners (Endurance Athletes, Cyclist, etc.), the amount of time the individual is subjected to in the event increases their post Metabolic Rate for a day or longer; EPOC.
EPOC amount to over charging your credit card. The more you charge on your credit card, the long it take to pay it off; same recovery your over charging your "EPOC Credit Card".
While exercise preserves muscle mass, individual who fall into the normal to low body fat range usually lose some muscle mass during weight loss phase.
Obese individual new to exercise tend to increase muscle mass while gaining weight.
The Benefit of Exercise During A Weight Gaining Program
One of the most interesting studies was with "Couch Potatoes" being fed a surplus of calories.
They gained weight, increasing muscle mass.
The bad news is that 80% of their weight gain was body fat with 20% being an increase in muscle mass. Gaining 10 lbs meant you gained 8 lbs of fat and 2 lbs of muscle. That's not a good trade.
In most Weight Grain Programs, there will be some gain in body fat.
A well written and executed diet combined with a well written and executed exercise program, ensure a greater percentage of the weight gain will be muscle mass while minimizing body fat gain.
My Personal Experience
As I have previously posted, I have a metabolic health issue. I am logical and reasonable when it comes to diet and exercise.
Research demonstrated that a Ketogenic Diet and Intermittent Fasting could maintain or improve my condition.
However, after being diagnosed, I freaked out a little rather than keeping my head.
Dropping Weight
I went on the Ketogenic Diet along with Intermittent Fasting, only having two meals a day.
Due primarily to the decrease in calorie intake (two meals a day), I ended up losing 17 lbs in 35 days. That means I lose an average of right at 1/2 lb a day (.485 lb loss average per day), while exercising.
Gaining 16 lbs Back
I wasn't happy with my new lower weight after losing it.
Since I was on the Ketogenic Diet, to increasing my caloric intake that meant that I needed consuming more fat. To do that I sauteed my foods with MCTs, Coconut Oil, Butter, Avocado Oil, Olive Oil, had Bacon Bits and Pieces (more fat that just bacon) with eggs, and drank a cocktail twice a day of MCTs/Liquid Coconut Oil and Avocado Oil.
I went back to having three meals a day rather than two meals a day.
In doing so, I gain back 16 lbs. Some of the weight that I gained back was body fat.
Take Home Message
1) 80% of Weight Loss or Gain is based on your diet; calorie deficit or surplus
.
2) Weight Loss: Some muscle mass is usually occurs when losing weight. The exception to the rule is with obese individual or those new to exercise. A well written and executed diet ensure more body fat is lost while muscle mass is maintained or increased.
3) Weight Gain: Some increase in body fat usually occurs. A well written and executed diet ensure more more muscle mass is gained with less body fat added.
4) Exercise: Preserves muscle mass, slightly increases and increases Insulin Sensitivity.
On a side note, Insulin Resistance is one of the key mechanism that lead to may health issues: Diabetes, Cardivascular Disease, Alzheimers, Obesity, etc
5) EPOC: Your post exercise metabolic rate will slightly increase with the right training program. However, unless you are in a competitive long distance sport like cycling or running or living/training all day long like Mike Phelps, exercise is a poor choice along for weight loss.
Kenny Croxdale